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Credits and Copyright

Production

Abandoned Mine Drainage in Pennsylvania was produced by Karen Brown and Alec M. Bodzin, Ph.D.

Photographs

All photographs are courtesy of the Department of Environmental Protection unless otherwise noted.

 

References for "Science of Abandoned Mine Drainage"

APHA (American Public Health Association).1992. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th edition. Washington, DC.

Brodie, G.A., C. R. Britt, T.M. Tomaszewski, and H. N. Taylor. 1993. Anoxic limestone drains to enhance performance of aerobic acid drainage treatment wetlands: experiences of the Tennessee Valley Authority. pp 129-138 in Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement, G. A. Moshiri (ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

Faulkner, B. B., and J. G. Skousen. 1994. Treatment of acid mine drainage by passive treatment systems. pp 250-257 in Volume 2 of Proceedings of the International Land Reclamation and Mine Drainage Conference and the Third International Conference on the Abatement of Acidic Drainage, Pittsburgh, PA, April 24 – 29, 1994.

Hedin. R. S., and R. W. Nairn. 1991. Constructing wetlands to treat coal mine drainage. Course notes for National RAMP Workshop, Pittsburgh, PA, May 8, 1991.

Hedin, R. S., and R. W. Nairn. 1993. Contaminant removal capabilities of wetlands constructed to treat coal mine drainage. pp 187-195 in Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement, G. A. Moshiri (ed.). CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL.

Hedin, R. S., R. W. Nairn, and R. L. P. Kleinmann.1994. Passive Treatment of Coal Mine Drainage. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 9389.US Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, PA. 35 pp.

Hedin, R. S., and G. R. Watzlaf. 1994. The effects of anoxic limestone drains on mine water chemistry. pp 185-194 in Volume 1 of Proceedings of the International Land Reclamation and Mine Drainage Conference and the Third International Conference on the Abatement of Acidic Drainage, Pittsburgh, PA, April 24 – 19, 1994.

Hellier, W. W. and R. S. Hedin. 1992. The mechanism of iron removal from mine drainages by artificial wetlands at circumneutral pH. p 13 in INTECOL’S IV International Wetlands Conference Abstracts, Columbus, OH.

Kepler, D. A., and E. C. McCleary. 1994. Successive alkalinity-producing systems (SAPS) for the treatment of acidic mine drainage. pp 195-204 in Volume 1 of Proceedings of the International Land Reclamation and Mine Drainage Conference and the Third International Conference on the Abatement of Acidic Drainage, Pittsburgh, PA, April 24 – 29, 1994.

McCleary, E. C., and D. A. Kepler. 1994. Ecological benefits of passive wetland treatment systems designed for acid mine drainage: with emphasis on watershed restoration. pp 111-120 in Volume3 of Proceedings of the International Land Reclamation and Mine Drainage Conference and the Third International Conference on the Abatement of Acidic Drainage, PA, April 24 – 29, 1994.

Nairn, R. W., R. S. Hedin, and G. R. Watzlaf. 1991.A preliminary review of the use of anoxic lime-stone drains in the passive treatment of acid mine drainage. in Proceedings of Twelfth Annual West Virginia Surface Mine Drainage Task Force Symposium, Morgantown, WV, April 3 – 4, 1991.

Stark, L. R. 1992. Assessing the longevity of a constructed wetland receiving coal mine drainage in eastern Ohio. p 13 in INTECOL’S IV International Wetlands Conference Abstracts, Columbus, OH.

Stark, L. R., F. M. Williams, S. E. Stevens, Jr., and D. P. Eddy. 1994. Iron retention and vegetative cover at the Simco constructed wetland: an appraisal through year 8 of operation. pp 89-98 in Volume 1 of Proceedings of the International Land Reclamation and Mine Drainage Conference and the Third International Conference on the Abatement of Acidic Drainage, Pittsburgh, PA, April

Taylor, H. N., K. D. Choate, and G. A. Brodie.1993. Storm event effects on constructed wetland discharges. pp 139-145 in Constructed wetlands for Water Quality Improvement, G. A. Moshiri (ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

Wieder, R. K. 1989. A survey of constructed wetlands for acid coal mine drainage treatment in the eastern United States. Wetlands 9(2):299-315.

Wieder, R. K., M. N. Linton, and K. P. Heston.1990. Laboratory studies of Fe, Al, Mn, Ca, and mg dynamics in wetlands. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 51:181-196.24 – 29, 1994.

 

References for "Remining Coal"

Ackerman, J.P., Campion, P.S.A. and Persson, E.B., Undated. (Preliminary) Final Report: Deer Park Daylighting Project. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 111 p.

Hawkins, J.W., 1994a. Statistical characteristics of coal-mine discharges on Western Pennsylvania remining sites. Water Resources Bulletin, v. 30 no. 5, pp. 861-869.

Hawkins, J.W., 1994b. A statistical evaluation of remining abandoned coal mines to reduce the effluent contaminant load. International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment, v. 8, pp. 101-109.

Hawkins, J.W., 1995. Characterization and effectiveness of remining abandoned coal mines in Pennsylvania. U.S. Bureau of Mines, Report of Investigations-9562, 37 p.

Meiser, E.W., 1982. An assessment of Antrim mining’s impact on acid discharges from the Anna S deep mine complex, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, unpublished report, 62 p.

Naylor, R., 1989. Unpublished Report, PADER, Bureau of Mining and Reclamation, Antrim Mining Co. Surface Mining Permit #59820101, Duncan Twp., Tioga Co., Pennsylvania.

Reed, L.A., 1980. Effects of strip mining the abandoned deep Anna S Mine on the hydrology of Babb Creek, Tioga County, Pennsylvania. U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Resources Investigations 80-53, 41 p.

Smith, M.W., 1988. Establishing baseline pollution load from pre-existing pollutional discharges for remining in Pennsylvania. In: Proceedings of the Mine Drainage and Surface Mine Reclamation, v. II: Mine Reclamation, Abandoned Mine Lands and Policy Issues. U.S. Bureau of Mines IC 9184, Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 311-318.

 

References for "Why do some passive treatment systems fail?"

Beining, B.A., and M.L. Otte, 1997. "Retention of Metals and Longevity of a Wetland Receiving Mine Leachate," presented at the 1997 National Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, Austin, Texas, May 10-16.

Brodie, G.A., 1993. "Staged, aerobic constructed wetlands to treat acid drainage: Case history of Fabius Impoundment 1 and overview of the Tennessee Valley Authority's Program", In: G.A. Moshiri (ed.), Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement, pp. 157-166, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida, 632 pp.

Gusek, J.J., T.R. Wildeman, A. Miller, and J. Fricke,A. Miller, and J. Fricke, 1998. "The Challenges of Designing, Permitting and Building a 1,200 GPM Passive Bioreactor for Metal Mine Drainage, West Fork Mine, MO", presented at the 15th Annual Meeting, American Society of Surface Mining, Reclamation (ASSMR), St. Louis, MO, May 17-21.

Gusek, J., C. Mann, T. Wildeman, and D. Murphy, 2000. "Operational Results of a 1,200 GPM Passive Bioreactor for Metal Mine Drainage, West Fork, Missouri", presented at the Fifth International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000), Denver, Colorado, May, Proceedings published by SME, Littleton, Colorado, ISBN 087335-182-7.

Gusek, J.J., 2000. "Reality Check: Passive Treatment of Mine Drainage An Emerging Technology or Proven Methodology", Presented at the Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, February 28-March 1, Preprint No. 00-43.

Hedin, R.S., R.W. Nairn, and R.L.P. Kleinmann, 1994. Passive Treatment of Coal Mine Drainage, USDI, Bureau of Mines Information Circular IC 9389, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Murphy, Denis, 2001. Personal communication.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1999. "Draft Anaerobic Compost Constructed Wetlands System Technology: Innovative Technology Evaluation Report". Site Program Contract No. 68-C5-0037.

Wildeman, T. R., G. A. Brodie, and J. J. Gusek, 1993. Wetland Design for Mining Operations. BiTech Publishing Co., Vancouver, B.C. Canada.

 

References for"Impacts of mine drainage on aquatic life, water uses, and man-made structures"

Appalachian Regional Commission, 1969. Acid Mine Drainage in Appalachia. Congressional House Doc. No. 91-180. Volumes I, II, and III, Washington D.C.

Bealy, M., 1980. Concrete Pipe Handbook, American Concrete Pipe Association. Chapter 6, pp. 1-21.

Brown, D.J.A. and K. Sadler, 1989. Fish survival in acid waters. In: Acid Toxicity and Aquatic Animals. Society for Experimental Biology Seminar Series: 34, (Morris, R. et al., eds.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 31-44.

Cooper, E.L. and C.C. Wagner, 1973. The effects of acid mine drainage on fish populations. In: Fish and Food Organisms in Acid Mine Waters of Pennsylvania, Environmental Protection Agency Report No. EPA-R3-73-032, p. 114.

Dairy Reference Manual, 1995. Third Edition. Authored by faculty of the College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, in cooperation with the Northeast Regional Agricultural Engineering Service, 293 p.

Driscoll, F., 1986. Groundwater and Wells, Johnson Division, first (1977) and second (1986) editions, 1089 p.

Haines, T.A., 1981. Acidic precipitation and its consequences for aquatic ecosystems: A review. Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc., v. 110, pp. 669-707.

Hem, J. D., 1970. Study and Interpretation of the Chemical Characteristics of Natural Waters, 2nd. edition. United States Geological Survey Water Supply Paper No. 2254, 363 p.

Hodge, W.W., 1937. Pollution of Streams by Coal Mine Drainage. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. v. 29.

Hoehn, R.C. and D.R. Sizemore, 1977. Acid mine drainage (AMD) and its impact on a small Virginia stream. Water Res. Bull. v. 13, pp. 153-160.

Kimmel, W.G., 1983. The impact of acid mine drainage on the stream ecosystem. In: Pennsylvania Coal: Resources, Technology and Utilization, (S. K. Majumdar and W. W. Miller, eds.), The Pa. Acad. Sci. Publ., pp. 424-437.

Kleinmann, R.L.P. and G.R. Watzlaf., 1988. Should effluent limits for manganese be modified? In: Proceedings of the 1988 Mine Drainage and Surface Mine Reclamation Conference, American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation and U.S. Department of the Interior (Bur. Mines and OSMRE), Pittsburgh, PA. pp. 305-310.

Koryak, M., M.A. Shapiro and J.L. Sykora, 1972. Riffle zoobenthos in streams receiving acid mine drainage. Water Res., v. 6, pp. 1239-1247.
Letterman, R.D. and W.J. Mitsch, 1978. Impact of mine drainage on a mountain stream in Pennsylvania. Environ. Poll., v. 17, pp. 53-73.

Lovell, H. L., 1976. The Chemical Nature of Mine Drainage. Pennsylvania State University, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Short Course titled, Fundamentals of Water Pollution Control in Coal Mining.

Mason, B.J., ed., 1990. The surface acidification programme. Cambridge University Press. 522 p.

McKee, G. W., 1982. Tolerance of Eighty Plant Species to Low pH, Aluminum, and Low Fertility. Agronomy Series No. 62, Dept. of Agronomy, Pennsylvania State University.

Merritt, G.L., and G.H. Emrich, 1970. The Need for a Hydrogeologic Evaluation in a Mine Drainage Abatement Program: A Case Study: Toms Run, Clarion County, Pennsylvania. Third Symposium on Coal Mine Drainage Research, Mellon Institute, pp. 334-364.

Moon, T.C. and C.M. Lucostic, 1979. Effects of acid mine drainage on a southwestern Pennsylvania stream. Water, Air, and Soil Poll., v. 11, pp. 377-390.

Morris, R., E.W. Taylor, D.J.A. Brown and J.A. Brown, 1989. Acid toxicity and aquatic animals. Society for Experimental Biology Seminar Series, v. 34, Cambridge University Press, 282 p.

Nichols, L.E. and F.J. Bulow, 1973. Effects of acid mine drainage on the stream ecosystem of the East Fork of the Obey River, Tennessee. J. Tenn. Acad. Sci., v. 48, pp. 30-39.

Pa DEP, 1996. Section 303(d), List of Waters, Bureau of Water Quality Management, 21 p.

Parsons, J.D., 1957. Literature pertaining to formation of acid mine waters and their effects on the chemistry and fauna of streams. Trans. Ill. State Acad. Sci., v. 50, pp. 49-52.

Parsons, J.D., 1968. The effects of acid strip-mine effluents on the ecology of a stream. Arch. Hydrobiol., v. 65, pp. 25-50.

Potts, W.T.W. and P.G. McWilliams, 1989. The effects of hydrogen and aluminum ions on fish gills. In: Acid toxicity and aquatic animals. Society for Experimental Biology Seminar Series, v. 34, (R. Morris, et al., eds.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 201-220.

Roback, S.S. and J.W. Richardson, 1969. The effects of acid mine drainage on aquatic insects. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., v. 121, pp. 81-107.

Rosemond, A.D., S.R. Reice, J.W. Elwood and P.J. Mulholland, 1992. The effects of stream acidity on benthic invertebrate communities in the south-eastern United States. Freshwater Ecol., v. 27, pp. 193-209.

Skelly and Loy, Engineers and Consultants, 1973. Coal Mine Drainage in the Susquehanna River Basin. 297 pp.

Sutcliffe, D.W. and A.G. Hildrew, 1989. Invertebrate communities in acid streams. In: Acid toxicity and aquatic animals. Society for Experimental Biology Seminar Series, v. 34, (R. Morris, et al., eds), Cambridge University Press, pp. 13-30.

Warner, D. L., 1970. Water pollution from mining activities in the United States. Prepared for the Federal Water Quality Administration.

Warner, R.W., 1971. Distribution of biota in a stream polluted by acid mine-drainage. Ohio J. Sci., v. 71, pp. 202-215.

Weed, C.E. and C.W. Rutschky, 1971. Benthic macroinvertebrate community structure in a stream receiving acid mine drainage. Proc. Pa. Acad. Sci., v. 50, pp. 41-46.

Werner, M.T., L.L. Osborne, W. Kodrich and D.I. Wood, 1982. Effects of coal strip mining on the structure of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in Town Run.

Wiederholm, T., 1984. Responses of aquatic insects to environmental pollution. In: The Ecology of Aquatic Insects. (Resh, V.H. and D.M. Rosenburg, eds.), Prager, pp.508-557.

 

References for "Overview of chemicals available to treat AMD"

Ackman, T. 1982. Sludge disposal from acid mine drainage treatment. U.S. Bureau of Mines, Report of Invest. 8672, Pittsburgh, PA.

Brown, H., J. Skousen, and J. Renton. 1994a. Floc generation by chemical neutralization of acid mine drainage. Green Lands 24(1): 33-51.

Brown, H., J. Skousen, and J. Renton. 1994b. Volume and composition of flocs from chemical neutralization of acid mine drainage. Green Lands 24(2): 30-35.

Brown, H., J. Skousen, and J. Renton. 1994c. Stability of flocs produced by chemical neutralization of acid mine drainage. Green Lands 24(3): 34-39.

Faulkner, B.B. 1996. Acid mine drainage treatment recommendations. West Virginia Mining and Reclamation Association, Charleston, WV.

Faulkner, B.B. 1990. Handbook for the use of ammonia in treating mine waters. West Virginia Mining and Reclamation Association. Charleston, WV.

Hilton, T. 1990. Handbook - Short Course for Taking A Responsible Environmental Approach towards Treating Acid Mine Drainage with Anhydrous Ammonia. West Virginia Mining and Reclamation Association. Charleston, WV.

Hilton, T. 1993. Technical information for fighting acid mine drainage. In: Proceedings, Fourteenth West Virginia Surface Mine Drainage Task Force Symposium. West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV.

Jenkins, M., and J. Skousen. 1993. Acid mine drainage treatment with the Aquafix System. In: Proceedings, Fourteenth Annual West Virginia Surface Mine Drainage Task Force Symposium. West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV.

Lilly, R., and P. Ziemkiewicz. 1992. Manganese removal at a lower pH with calcium peroxide: results of field trials. In: Proceedings, Thirteenth Annual West Virginia Surface Mine Drainage Task Force Symposium, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV.

Lovett, R., and P. Ziemkiewicz. 1991. Calcium peroxide for treatment of acid mine drainage. p. 35-46. In: Proceedings, Second International Conference on the Abatement of Acidic Drainage. MEND, CANMET, Montreal, CAN.

Payette, C., W. Lam, C. Angle, and R. Mikula. 1991. Evaluation of improved lime neutralization processes. In: Proceedings, Second International Conference on the Abatement of Acidic Drainage. MEND, CANMET, Montreal, CAN.

Phipps, T., J. Fletcher, and J. Skousen. 1991. A methodology for evaluating the costs of alternative AMD treatment systems. In: Proceedings, Twelfth Annual West Virginia Surface Mine Drainage Task Force Symposium, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV.

Skousen, J., R. Lilly, and T. Hilton. 1993. Special chemicals for treating acid mine drainage. Green Lands 23(3): 34-41.

Skousen, J., K. Politan, T. Hilton, and A. Meek. 1990. Acid mine drainage treatment systems: chemicals and costs. Green Lands 20(4): 31-37.

Skousen, J., and P. Ziemkiewicz. 1995. Acid Mine Drainage Control and Treatment. National Research Center for Coal and Energy, National Mine Land Reclamation Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV. 243 pp.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1983. Neutralization of Acid Mine Drainage, Design Manual. USEPA-600/2-83-001, Cincinnati, OH.

Watzlaf, G., and L. Casson. 1990. Chemical stability of manganese and iron in mine drainage treatment sludge: effects of neutralization chemical, iron concentration, and sludge age. p. 3-9. In: Proceedings, 1990 Mining and Reclamation Conference, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV.

 

References for "Abandoned mine drainage: Successes, problems and lessons learned"

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Environmental Protection. Bureau of Abandoned Mine Reclamation. Project Files.

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Environmental Protection. Knox District Mining Office. Beaver Run Project Files.

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Environmental Resources. 1990. Bond Issue Report.

Cravotta, Charles. June, 2000. Personal Communication. United States Geologic Survey.

Hedin, Robert. June, 2000. Personal Communication. Hedin Environmental.

U. S. Bureau of Mines. 1995. Evaluation of Pa. DEP AML Sites Under Consideration for Passive Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage (draft).

Watzlaf, G. R., and Hedin, R. S. 1996. A Method For Predicting the Alkalinity Generated by Anoxic Limestone Drains. U.S. Bureau of Mines

 


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