Water pollution is typically divided into two main
categories: point source and non-point source pollution. Point source
pollution comes from a known location, such as a pipe entering a river.
The source can be identified specifically and one person or group of
persons can be held responsible. Non-point source pollution comes from
many diffuse sources. It is caused by precipitation running over the
land and carrying natural and man-made pollutants to the streams, rivers,
wetlands, groundwater sources, and our coastal waters.
Non-point source pollution is the leading cause of
water pollution. Every individual can contribute to non-point source
pollution without even realizing it. When we drive our cars and they
leak oil or other fluids on the pavement, that material is washed away
with precipitation. Cutting down trees and leaving soil exposed in a
yard or at a building development site contributes to sedimentation
which is considered non-point source pollution. By using fertilizers
on our lawn and plants, we contribute to non-point source pollution.
If we leak chemicals, pour cleaning agents, grease, or oil down the
sink we may also be contributing. There are various ways that we pollute
our waters through our everyday activities if we are not careful. Because
the sources of non-point source pollution are so widespread and varied,
it is very difficult to regulate this type of pollution.
If there were a manufacturing plant at the other end
of the pipe in the "Concious Canoers" scenario that was releasing
its waste into the river, that company would be held responsible for
their pollution and may have to pay a fine. If the source of the pollutant
were not identified, clean up may still take place under federal funding
or grant money.
